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List of European cities with alternative names

Most cities in Europe have alternative names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known alternative names for all major European cities. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.

For the purposes of this article, Europe includes Turkey, Cyprus and all the republics of the former Soviet Union.

This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official," "real" or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by language, and then by any historical variants and former names.

A foreign name is listed even it is the same as in English, to give people the opportunity to look up the foreign name if they don't know it.

A fuller list of place names in Irish is also available.

English Name'''Other name(s) or older name(s)
Aachen Cáchy (Czech,Slovak), Aken (Dutch), Aix-la-Chappelle (French), Akwizgran (Polish), Aquisgrán (Spanish)
Adrianople Adrianopolis / Edirne (Czech, Slovak), Adrianoupolis (Greek), Adrianopol (Polish), Edirne (Turkish); Hadrianople (alternative spelling)
Albacete al-Basīt (Arabic)
Alexandroupolis Alexandroupolis (Greek), Dedeagach (Turkish)
Algeciras al-Jazīra (Arabic)
Alicante al-Laqant (Arabic), Alacant (Catalan)
Almaty Alma-Ata (Russian, Slovak)
Amsterdam Amstardām (Arabic), Amsterodam (Czech), Ámsterntam (Greek), Amszterdam (Hungarian), Amsterdăo (Portuguese)
Ankara Anqara (Arabic), Ankara (Czech, Slovak), Ánkyra (Greek), Ancara (Portuguese); Ancyra, Angora (former names)
Antioch Antiochie (Czech), Antiokia (Finnish), Antioche (French), Antiochia (Polish,Slovak), Antioquía (Spanish), Antakya (Turkish)
Antwerp Antwīrb (Arabic), Antverpy (Czech,Slovak), Antwerpen (Dutch, Finnish, German), Anvers (French), Amvérsa (Greek), Anversa (Italian), Antwerpia (Polish), Antuérpia (Portuguese), Antverpen (Russian, Ukrainian), Amberes (Spanish)
Arnhem Arnheim (German)
Ashkhabad Išq Ābād (Arabic), Ašchabád (Czech, Slovak), Asjchabad (Dutch), Asgabat (Finnish), Aschchabad (German), Askhabád (Greek), Aszchabad (Polish), Aškhabad (Russian), Aşgabat (Turkish), Ashgabat (Turkmen), Ashxobod (Uzbek)
Astana Akmola (Finnish), Akhmolinsk (Russian)
Athens Atīnā (Arabic), Atina (Bulgarian, Turkish, Serbian), Atenes (Catalan), Atény (Czech, Slovak), Athen (Danish, German, Norwegian), Athene (Dutch), Ateena (Finnish), Athčnes (French), Athinai (Greek), Athén (Hungarian), Atene (Italian), Ateny (Polish), Atenas (Portuguese, Spanish), Atena (Romanian, Croatian), Afiny (Russian, Ukrainian), Aten (Swedish)
Augsburg Augšpurk (Czech), Augsbourg (French),
Auschwitz Osvětim (Czech), Oświęcim (Polish), Osvienčim (Slovak)
Baku Bākū (Arabic), Bakoe (Dutch), Bakou (French), Mpakoú (Greek), Bakü (Turkish)
Barcelona Barcelona (Catalan, Spanish), Baršalūna (Arabic), Barcelone (French), Varkelonē (Greek), Barcellona (Italian), Barselona (Russian, Ukrainian
Basel Bāzil (Arabic), Basilej (Czech), Bazel (Dutch), Bâle (French), Vasileía (Greek), Bázel (Hungarian), Bazilej (Slovak), Bazylea (Polish), Basileia (Portuguese), Bazel' (Russian, Ukrainian), Basilea (Spanish); Basle (older English name)
Bautzen Budyšín (Czech, Slovak), Budziszyn (Polish)
Belgrade Bilġrād (Arabic), Belgrad (Bulgarian, Russian), Bělehrad (Czech), Belgrado (Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Belgrad (Finnish, German, Polish, Romanian, Turkish), Veligrádi (Greek), Belgrád (Hungarian), Beograd (Serbian, Croatian), Belehrad (Slovak), Bjelhrad (Ukrainian)
Berlin Barlīn (Arabic), Berlín (Czech, Spanish, Slovak), Berlijn (Dutch), Berliini (Finnish), Berlino (Italian), Berlim (Portuguese)
Berne Bern (Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Czech), Vérnē (Greek), Berna (Italian, Spanish, Romanian), Berno (Polish)
Bilbao Bilbo (Basque)
Bishkek Biskek (Finnish), Bichkek (French), Frunze (former name)
Bologna Bologne (French), Bolonia (Polish, Romanian, Spanish)
Bolzano Bozen (German)
Braşov Kronstadt (German), Brassó (Hungarian)
Braunschweig Brunsšvik (Czech), Brunswijk (Dutch), Braunschweig (German), Brunszwik (Polish); Brunswick (older English name)
Bratislava Pressburg (German), Mpratisláva (Greece), Pozsony (Hungarian), Bratysława (Polish), Bratyslava (Ukrainian) [note: the name was officially changed from Pressburg / Pozsony into Bratislava in 1919; for a list of most older names see Bratislava]
Bremen Brémy (Czech, Slovak), Brême (French), Bréma (Hungarian), Brema (Polish)
Brest, Belarus Brześć Litewski (Polish), Brześć nad Bugiem (Polish 1918-1939), Brest-Litovsk (English version of Polish name)
Brno Brünn (German)
Bruges Brugy (Czech), Brugge (Dutch, German), Brügge (Finnish), Brugia (Polish), Bruggy (Slovak), Brujas (Spanish)
Brussels Brūksil (Arabic), Brjuksel (Bulgarian), Bruseŀles (Catalan), Brusel (Czech, Slovak), Bryssel (Danish, Swedish), Brussel (Dutch), Bryssel (Finnish), Bruxelles (French), Brüssel (German), Vryxélles (Greek), Brüsszel (Hungarian), Brusselle (Italian), Bréissel (Luxembourgish), Bruksela (Polish), Bruxelas (Portuguese), Brjussel' (Russian, Ukrainian), Bruselas (Spanish), Brüksel (Turkish)
Bucharest Būqārist (Arabic), Bukurešt (Croatian, Serbian), Bukurešť (Czech, Slovak), Bukarest (Danish, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish), Boekarest (Dutch), Bucarest (French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Voukourésti (Greek), Bukareštas (Lithuanian), Bukareszt (Polish), Bucureşti (Romanian), Bukharest (Russian, Ukrainian), Bükreş (Turkish)
Budapest Būdābist (Arabic), Budapešta (Bulgarian), Budimpešta (Croatian), Budapešť (Czech, Slovak), Boedapest (Dutch), Voudapéstē (Greek), Budapeszt (Polish), Budapeste (Portuguese), Budapesta (Romanian), Budapešt (Russian, Ukrainian), Budapeşte (Turkish); Ofen (old German name), Budin (old Turkish name)
Budweis České Budějovice (Czech, Slovak)

Bydgoszcz Bromberg (German)
Cádiz al-Qādis (Arabic), Kadyks (Polish)
Cagliari Cŕller (Catalan)
Cardiff Caerdydd (Welsh)
Carlsbad Karlovy Vary (Czech), Karlsbad (German, Swedish)
Cartagena al-Qartājanna (Arabic)
Chemnitz Saská Kamenice (Czech); Karl-Marx-Stadt (former name)
ClevesKleef (Dutch), Kleve (German)
Cluj Kluž (Czech, Slovak), Klausenburg (German), Kolozsvár (Hungarian}, Kluż (Polish), Cluj-Napoca (Romanian)
Coblenz Coblence (French), Koblenz (German), Koblencja (Polish)
Coimbra Qulumriya (Arabic), Coimbre (French)
Cologne Kolín nad Rýnem (Czech), Keulen (Dutch), Cologne (French), Kolōnía (Greek), Colonia (Italian, Spanish), Köln (German, Finnish), Kelnas (Lithianian), Kolonia (Polish), Colónia (Portuguese), Kjol'n (Russian, Ukrainian), Kolín nad Rýnom (Slovak)
Copenhagen Kūbinhāġin (Arabic), Kopengagen (Bulgarian, Russian), Kodaň (Czech, Slovak), Křbenhavn (Danish), Kopenhagen (Dutch, German, Croatian), Kopenhaagen (Estonian), Kööpenhamina (Finnish), Copenhague (French, Spanish), Kopenkhágē (Greek), Koppenhága (Hungarian), Kaupmannahöfn (Icelandic), Copenaghen (Italian), Kjřpenhavn (Norwegian), Kopenhaga (Polish), Copenhaga (Portuguese, Romanian), Köpenhamn (Swedish), Kopenhag (Turkish)
Córdoba al-Qurduba (Arabic), Cňrdova (Catalan), Cordoue (French)
Corfu Korfu (Finnish, Slovak), Corfou (French), Corcyra or Kérkyra (Greek)
Corinth Corint (Catalan), Korintti (Finnish), Corinthe (French), Corinto (Spanish), Korinthos (Greek), Korynt (Polish), Korint (Slovak)
Cork Corcaigh (Irish), Corc (Welsh)
Cracow Krākūf (Arabic), Krakov (Czech, Slovak, Russian, Croatian), Krakau (Dutch, German), Krakova (Finnish), Cracovie (French), Krakovía (Greek), Krakkó (Hungarian), Cracovia (Italian), Krokuva (Lithuanian), Kraków (Polish), Cracóvia (Portuguese), Cracovia (Romanian), Krakovi (Turkish), Krakiv (Ukrainian), Kraka (Yiddish)
Donetsk Donieck (Polish); Stalino (former name), Yuzovka (former name)
Dover Douvres (French)
Dresden Drážďany (Czech, Slovak), Dresde (French), Drezno (Polish)
Dubrovnik Ragusa (Italian)
Dublin Dablin (Arabic), Dulenn (Breton), Douvlíno (Greek), Baile Átha Cliath (Irish), Dublino (Italian), Dublim (Portuguese), Dublín (Spanish), Dulyn (Welsh)
Dunkirk Dunkerque (French) Dounkérkē (Greek), Dunkierka (Polish)
Dushanbe Dūšānbī (Arabic), Doesjanbe (Dutch), Dusanbe (Finnish), Douchanbé (French), Duschanbe (German), Ntousanmpé (Greek), Duszanbe (Polish), Dušanbe (Russian, Slovak,Tajik), Duşanbe (Turkish), Hissar (former name)
Edinburgh Edimbourg (French), Edynburg (Polish), Dun Eideann (Scots Gaelic)
Elsinore Helsingør (Danish), Helsingör (Finnish, German)
Flensburg Flensborg (Danish)
Florence Firenca (Croatian), Florčncia (Catalan), Florenz (German), Firenze (Italian, Finnish), Florencia (Spanish, Slovak), Florencja (Polish), Florenţa (Romanian)
FlushingVlissingen (Dutch)
Frankfurt Francfort (Catalan), Francfort-sur-le-Main (French), Frankfurt am Main (German), Francoforte del Menno (Italian), Frankfurt nad Menem (Polish), Frankfurt nad Mohanom (Slovak)
Frankfurt Francfort-sur-l'Oder (French), Frankfurt an der Oder (German), Frankfurt nad Odrą (Polish), Frankfurt nad Odrou (Slovak)
Gallipoli Kalipolis (Greek), Gelibolu (Turkish), Galipolje (Serbian, Croatian)
Galway Gaillimh (Irish)
Gdańsk Danzig (German, English), Gdańsk (Polish), Gdansk (Finnish)
Gdynia Gdyně (Czech), Gdingen (German), Gotenhafen (German 1939-1945)
Geneva Jinīf (Arabic), Ženeva (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian, Czech, Lithuanian, Slovak, Croatian), Geneve (Finnish), Genčve (French), Genf (German), Ghenevē (Greek), Ginevra (Italian), Genewa (Polish), Ginebra (Catalan, Romanian, Spanish), Cenevre (Turkish)
Genoa Gčnova (Catalan), Janov (Czech, Slovak), Genua (Dutch, German, Polish), Genova (Italian, Finnish), Gęnes (French), Génova (Spanish)
Ghent Gent (Dutch/Flemish, Finnish, German), Gand (French), Gandawa (Polish), Gante (Spanish)
Girona Gerona (Spanish)
Gothemburg Göteborg (Swedish, Finnish), Gotemburgo (Spanish)
Granada al-Ġarnāda (Arabic), Grenade (French)
Grodno Hrodna (Belarusian), Hrodno (Ukrainian)
Groningen Groningue (French), Groninga (Spanish)
Hamburg Hambūrġ (Arabic), Hamburk (Czech), Hamborg (Danish, Swedish), Hampuri (Finnish), Hambourg (French), Amvoúrgo (Greek), Amburgo (Italian), Hamburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Gamburg (Russian)
Hanover Hanovre (French), Hannover (Dutch, Finnish, German), Hanovra (Romanian)
Helsinki Hilsīnkī (Arabic), Hel'sinki (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Helsinky (Czech), Helsingfors (Danish, Swedish), Helsingi (Estonian), Elsínki (Greek), Helsinkis (Lithuanian), Helsínquia (Portuguese)
Heraklion Iraklion (Greek, Polish), Candia (Italian)
Istanbul Stamboll (Albanian), Istanbūl (Arabic), Constantinoble (Catalan), Istanboel (Dutch), Isztambul (Hungarian), Stambula (Latvian), Stambulas (Lithuanian), Istanbuł, Stambuł (Polish), Istambul (Romanian, Croatian), Stambul (Russian, Ukrainian), Carigrad (Slovene), Estambul (Spanish), İstanbul (Turkish)
Former names: Constantinopel (Dutch), Constantinople (English), Konstantinopoli (Finnish), Konstantinopel (German, Norwegian), Byzantion, Kōnstantinoúpolē (Greek), Byzantium (Latin, English), Carogród/ Konstantynopol (Polish), Carigrad (Croatian) Carihrad/Konštantínopol (Slovak), Cařihrad / Konstantinopol (Czech), Tsarigrad (Russian), Stamboul (Turkish), Bysants (Norwegian), Miklagard (old Norse/Norwegian). Estambul, Kostan, Kospoli, Koshta, Koshtandina, Konstantinopyla (other variants during Ottoman period)
Izmir Esmirna (Catalan, Spanish), Smyrna (Greek)
Janina Ioannina (Greek, Finnish), Yanya (Turkish)
Kaliningrad Kalinjingrad (Croatian), Královec (Czech), Królewiec (Polish), Königsberg (former German name)
Katowice Kattowitz (German)
Kaunas Kowno (Polish)
Kharkov Harkova (Finnish), Charków (Polish), Charkov (Slovak), Kharkiv (Ukrainian)
Kiel Kilonia (Polish)
Kiev Kīyif (Arabic), Kijev (Croatian, Hungarian, Russian, Slovene), Kyjev (Czech, Slovak), Kiëv (Dutch), Kiova (Finnish), Kiew (German), Kíevo (Greek), Kijeva (Latvian), Kijevas (Lithuanian), Kijów (Polish), Kíev (Spanish), Kyďv (Ukrainian), Kiav (Yiddish)
Kilkenny Cill Chainnigh (Irish)
Kishiniev Kīšīnāw (Arabic), Kišineu (Bulgarian), Kišiněv (Czech), Chisinau (Finnish), Kischinew (German), Kisináou (Greek), Kisinyov (Hungarian), Chişinău (Moldovan, Romanian), Kiszyniów (Polish), Kišinjov (Russian), Kišiňov (Slovak), Kyšyniv (Ukrainian), Kešenev (Yiddish)
Klagenfurt Celovec (Slovenian)
Kláipeda Klaipeda (Finnish), Memel (German), K&322;ajpeda (Polish)
Lausanne Lozanna (Polish)
Leghorn Livourne (French), Livorno (Italian, Finnish)
Leiden Lejda (Polish)
Leipzig Lipsko (Czech, Slovak), Lipcse (Hungarian), Lipsk (Polish), Lipsca (old Romanian)
Liege Lutych (Czech), Luik (Dutch), Liège (French), Lüttich (German), Lieja (Spanish)
Limerick Luimneach (Irish)
Lisbon Lišbūna (Arabic), Lissabon (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Swedish), Lisbonne (French), Lissavóna (Greek), Lisbona (Italian), Lisszabon (Hungarian), Lisboa (Portuguese, Spanish), Lizbona (Polish), Lisabona (Romanian), Lisabon (Slovak, Croatian), Lizbon (Turkish)
Ljubljana Liyūbliyānā (Arabic), Laibach (German), Lioumpliána (Greek), Lubiana (Italian), Liubliana (Portuguese, Spanish), Lubyana (Turkish), Ľubľana (Slovak)
Lleida Lérida (Spanish)
London Landan (Arabic), Londýn (Czech, Slovak), Londen (Dutch), Lontoo (Finnish), Londres (French, Spanish), Londhino (Greek), Londain (Irish), Londra (Italian, Turkish), Londyn (Polish), Londra (Romanian), Llundain (Welsh)
Londonderry Derry (former name)
Louvain Lovaň (Czech), Leuven (Dutch), Lovaina (Spanish), Löwen (German)
Lubeck Lyypekki (Finnish), Lübeck (German), Lubeka (Polish)
Lucca Lucques (French), Lukka (Polish)
Lucerne Lucern (Czech), Lucerna (Spanish), Luzern (German, Finnish), Lucerna (Polish)
Lunenburg Lüneburg (German)
Luxembourg Ljuksemburg (Bulgarian, Russian), Lucemburk (Czech), Luxemborg (Danish), Luxemburg (German, Finnish, Dutch, Romanian, Slovak), Louxemvoúrgo (Greek), Lussemburgo (Italian), Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish), Luksemburg (Polish, Croatian), Lüksemburg (Turkish), Ljuksemburh (Ukrainian)
L'viv Lvov (Finnish), Lemberg (German), Lwów (Polish), L'vov (Russian, Slovak), Lavov (Croatian)
Lyons Lyon (French)
Maastricht Mastrique (Spanish)
Madrid Madrítē (Greek), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madryt (Polish)
Mainz Mohuč (Czech, Slovak), Mayence (French), Moguncja (Polish)
Mantua Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Czech, Slovak)
Maribor Marburg (German)
Marseille Marsīliyā (Arabic), Massalía (Greek), Marsiglia (Italian), Marsylia (Polish), Marselha (Portuguese), Marsel' (Russian), Marsella (Spanish), Marsilya (Turkish)
Meissen Míšeň (Czech), Miśnia (Polish)
Milan Mīlānū (Arabic), Milaan (Dutch), Mailand (German), Miláno (Greek), Milánó (Hungarian), Milano (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Croatian), Miláno (Slovak), Mediolan (Polish), Milăo (Portuguese), Milán (Czech, Spanish)
Minsk Mensk (Belarusian), Minszk (Hungarian), Minsk (Finnish), Minńsk (Polish), Mins'k (Ukrainian)
Mons Bergen (Dutch)
Moscow Mūskū (Arabic), Maskva (Belarusian), Moskva (Bulgarian, Czech, Croatian, Danish, Russian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish, Ukrainian), Moskou (Dutch), Moskova (Finnish), Moscou (French), Moskau (German), Móscha (Greek), Moskwa (Polish), Moscova (Romanian), Moscú (Spanish)
Munich Miyūnikh (Arabic), Mjunkhen (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Minhen (Serbian), Mnichov (Czech), Mníchov (Slovak), München (Dutch, Finnish, German), Mónacho (Greek), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Monachium (Polish), Munique (Portuguese), Münih (Turkish)
Naples Nābūlī (Arabic), Nŕpols (Catalan), Napels (Dutch), Neapel (German), Neapolis (Greek), Nápoly (Hungarian), Napoli (Italian, Finnish), Neapol (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Neapol' (Russian, Ukrainian), Napulj (Serbian, Croatian)
Nice Niça (Catalan), Niza (Spanish), Nizza (Italian, Finnish, German), Nicea (Polish)
Newport Casnewydd (Welsh)
Nicosia Nīqūsiyā (Arabic), Nikosia/ Lefkosia (Finnish), Nicosie (French), Nikosia (German), Lefkōsía (Greek), Nikozia (Hungarian), Nikozja (Polish), Nicósia (Portuguese), Nikosija (Russian, Ukrainian), Lefkoşa (Turkish)
Nijmegen Nimègue (French), Nimwegen (German), Nimega (Spanish)
Nizhniy Novgorod Nizhni Novgorod (Finnish), Nijni-Novgorod (French), Gorkiy (former name), Nowogród (Polish), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak)
Novi Sad Ujvidek (Hungarian)
Nuremberg Norimberk (Czech), Neurenberg (Dutch), Nürnberg (German, Finnish), Norymberga (Polish), Norimberg (Slovak),
Oldenburg Starogard (Polish)
Oporto Burtuqāl (Arabic), Porto (French, Polish, Portuguese)
Oslo Ūslū (Arabic), Christiania (Dano-Norwegian former name), Kristiania (late version of former name)
Ostend Oostende (Dutch/Flemish), Ostende (Czech, French), Ostenda (Polish)
Padua Padoue (French), Padova (Czech, Italian, Slovak, Croatian), Padwa (Polish)
Palermo Palerme (French)
Pamplona Banbalūna (Arabic), Iruna (Basque), Pampelune (French), Pampeluna (Polish)
Perpignan Perpinyŕ (Catalan), Perpińán (Spanish)
Paris Bārīs (Arabic), Pariž (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Pariz (Croatian), Paříž (Czech, Slovak), Parijs (Dutch), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parísi (Greek), Párizs (Hungarian), Parigi (Italian), Parīze (Latvian), Paryžius (Lithuanian), Paryż (Polish), París (Catalan, Spanish)
Parma Parme (French),
Pärnu Pärnu (Finnish), Pernau (German), Parnawa (Polish)
Pécs Fünfkirchen (German old), Pečuh (Croatian)
Perugia Pérouse (French)
Petroskoy Äänislinna (Finnish)
Plovdiv Philippopolis (Greek), Płowdiw (Polish)
Potsdam Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Poczdam (Polish)
Poznań Posen (German)
Prague Birāġ (Arabic), Praha (Czech, Finnish, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian), Praag (Dutch), Prag (German, Swedish, Croatian) Prága (Greek, Hungarian), Praga (Bulgarian, Catalan, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Spanish), Prag or Prog (Yiddish)
Pskov Pihkva (Estonian), Pihkova (Finnish), Psków (Polish)
Riga Rīġā (Arabic), Riha (Belarusian, Ukrainian), Riia (Estonian), Riika (Finnish), Ryga (Lithuanian, Polish)
Rome Rūmiya (Arabic), Rim (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian, Croatian), Rím (Slovak), Řím (Czech), Rooma (Estonian, Finnish), Rom (German), Romi (Greek), Róma (Hungarian), Roma (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Rzym (Polish)
Saarbrücken Sarrebruck (French)
Samara Kuybyshev (former name)
San Sebastián Donostia (Basque), Sant Sebastiŕ (Catalan)
Santiago de Compostela Šānt Yāqūb (Arabic), Sant Jaume de Galícia (Catalan)
Saragossa Saragossa (Catalan), Saragosse (French), Zaragoza (Spanish)
Sarajevo Sarāyīfū (Arabic), Sarajewo (German, Polish), Sarágevo (Greek), Bosna Serai (Turkish)
Schaffhausen Szafuza (Polish)
Seville al-Išbīliya (Arabic), Séville (French), Siviglia (Italian), Sewilla (Polish), Sevilla (Catalan, Finnish, Slovak, Spanish), Sevilia (Romanian)
Shkodër Scutari (Italian), Skadar (Serbian)
Sibiu Sibiu (Romanian), Hermannstadt (German)
Sienna Sienne (French), Siena (Italian)
Skopje Shkupi (Albanian), Skūbyī (Arabic), Skoplje (Serbian, Croatian), Skópia (Greek), Skop'e (Russian), Skopia (Spanish), Üsküb (Turkish)
Sligo Sligeach (Irish)
Sofia Sūfiyā (Arabic), Sofija (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian, Croatian), Sófia (Greek, Portuguese), Szófia (Hungarian), Sofía (Spanish), Sofya (Turkish)
Solothurn Soleure (French), Solura (Polish)
Sřnderborg Sonderburg (German)
St Petersburg Sānt Bītarsbūrġ (Arabic), Sankt-Pecjarburh (Belarusian), Sankt Petěrburk (Czech), Sankt Petersborg (Danish), Sint-Petersburg (Dutch), Peterburi (Estonian), Pietari (Finnish), Saint-Péterbourg (French), Sankt Petersburg (German, Norwegian, Polish), Agía Petroúpolē (Greek), Szentpétervár (Hungarian), San Pietroburgo (Italian), Sanktpēterburga (Latvian), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), Săo Petersburgo (Portuguese), Sankt-Peterburg (Russian), Sankt Peterburg (Slovak), San Petersburgo (Spanish), Leningrad (former name), Petrograd (former name)
Stockholm Istūkhūlm (Arabic), Estocolm (Catalan), Štokholm (Serbian, Slovak), Tukholma (Finnish), Stokkhólmē (Greek), Stoccolma (Italian), Stokholma (Latvian), Stokholmas (Lithuanian), Sztokholm (Polish), Estocolmo (Portuguese, Spanish), Stokgol'm (Russian, Ukrainian)
Strasbourg Štrasburk (Czech), Straatsburg (Dutch), Strasbourg (Finnish), Strassburg (former name Finnish), Strassburg (German), Estrasburgo (Spanish), Štrasburg (Slovak)
Swansea Abertawe (Welsh)
Syracuse Syrakus (German), Siracusa (Italian, Spanish), Syrakuzy (Polish), Syrakúzy (Slovak)
Szczecin Štětín (Czech), Stettin (German), Štetín (Slovak)
Székesfehérvár Székesfehérvár (Hungarian), Stolni Biograd (Croatian)
Tallinn Tālīn (Arabic), Tallinna (Finnish), Reval, Tallinn (German), Tallín (Greek), Tallin (Norwegian, Russian, Swedish, Slovak), Tallina (Latvian), Talinas (Lithuanian) Rewal, Tallin (Polish)
Tampere Tammerfors (Swedish)
Tartu Tartto (Finnish), Dorpat (German, Polish)
Tashkent Tašqand (Arabic), Tasjkent (Dutch, Swedish), Tachkent (French), Taskéndē (Greek), Taskent (Hungarian), Taszkient (Polish), Taškent (Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Croatian), Taşkent (Turkish), Toshkent (Uzbek)
Tbilisi Tiflīs (Arabic), Tbilissi (French), Tiflis (German), Tyflída (Greek), Tbiliszi (Hungarian)
Tekirdag Rodosto (Greek)
Terezin Terezín (Czech, Slovak), Theresienstadt (German)
Teschen Těšín (Czech), Tešín (Slovak), Cieszyn (Polish)
The Hague Lāhāy (Arabic), Den Haag, 's-Gravenhage (Dutch), Haag (Finnish, Slovak), La Haye (French), Den Haag (German), Khághē (Greek), Hága (Hungarian), Haga (Polish), Haia (Portuguese), Gaaga (Russian), La Haya (Spanish), Haaha (Ukrainian)
Thessaloniki Soluň (Czech), Thessalonique (French), Saloniki (German), Salonic (Romanian), Selanik (Turkish), Solún (Slovak), Solun (Serbian, Croatian), Salonica (former English name), Tesalónica (Spanish)
Timisoara Temešvár (Czech, Slovak), Temeschwar (German), Temesvár (Hungarian), Temišvar (Serbian, Croatian), Timişoara (Romanian)
Tirana Tiranë (Albanian), Tiran (Turkish)
Toruń Thorn (German)
Toulouse Tolosa de Llenguadoc (Catalan)
Trento Trente (French), Trent (German), Trydent (Polish)
Trier Trevír (Czech, Slovak), Trčves (French), Trewir (Polish)
Trieste Triest (German), Trst (Slovenian, Croatian), Tergeste (Latin)
TrondheimTrondhjem (Dano-Norwegian former name), Drontheim (WWII German name), Nidaros (viking age and medieval name)
Turin Turín (Czech, Slovak), Turijn (Dutch), Torino (Italian, Finnish, Croatian), Turyn (Polish)
Turku Turu (Estonian), Ĺbo (Swedish)
Tver Kalinin (former name), Twer (Polish)
Ulyanovsk Simbirsk (former name)
Vaasa Vasa (Swedish)
Valencia Valčncia (Catalan), Valence (French)
Valletta Fālītā (Arabic), La Valette (French), Valéta (Greek), La Valletta (Italian, Slovak), il-Belt Valletta (Maltese), La Valeta (Portuguese)
Venice al-Bunduqīya (Arabic), Venecija (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian, Croatian), Venčcia (Catalan), Benátky (Czech, Slovak), Venedig (Danish, German, Swedish), Venetië (Dutch), Venetsia (Finnish), Venise (French), Venetía (Greek), Velence (Hungarian), Venezia (Italian), Wenecja (Polish), Veneza (Portuguese), Veneţia (Romanian), Venecia (Spanish), Venedik (Turkish), Vinitsia (Yiddish)
Vienna Beč (Croatian, Serbian), Vídeň (Czech), Wenen (Dutch), Vienne (French), Wien (Finnish,German), Viénnē (Greek), Bécs (Hungarian), Wiedeń (Polish), Vena (Russian, Ukrainian), Viedeň (Slovak), Dunaj (Slovene), Viena (Catalan, Spanish, Romanian), Viyana (Turkish), Vin (Yiddish)
Villach Beljak (Slovenian)
Vilnius Filniyūs (Arabic), Vil'nja, Vil'njus (Belarusian), Vilna (Finnish, Italian), Wilna (German), Vílnious (Greek), Viļņa (Latvian), Wilno (Polish), Vil'njus (Russian, Ukrainian), Vilne (Yiddish)
Vitoria Gasteiz (Basque)
Vladikavkaz Ordzhonikidzhe (former name)
Volgograd Stalingrad (former name), Tsaritsyn (former name), Carycyn (former Polish name), Volgogrado (Spanish)
Vyborg Viiburi (Estonian), Viipuri (Finnish), Viborg (Swedish), Wiburg (German)
Warsaw Wārsū (Arabic), Varšava (Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Croatian), Warschau (Dutch, German), Varssavi (Estonian), Varsova (Finnish), Varsovie (French), Varsovía (Greek), Varsó (Hungarian), Varsavia (Italian), Varšuva (Lithuanian), Varşovia (Romanian), Warszawa (Polish), Varsovia (Spanish), Varşova (Turkish), Varshe (Yiddish)
Waterford Port Láirge (Irish)
Worms Wormancja (Polish)
Wrocław Vratislav (Czech), Breslau (Dutch, German), Wroclaw (Finnish), Vratislav / Vroclav (Slovak)
Yekaterinburg Jekaterinburg (Finnish), Ekaterinburgo (Spanish); Sverdlovsk (former name)
Yerevan Yirīfān (Arabic), Erevan (French, Spanish), Jerewan, Eriwan (German), Jereván (Hungarian), Erewan (Polish), Jerevan (Finnish, Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak), Yereván (Spanish), Erivan (Turkish)
Zagreb Zaġrib (Arabic), Záhřeb (Czech), Záhreb (Slovak), Agram (German), Zágkremp (Greek), Zágráb (Hungarian), Zagabria (Italian), Zagrzeb (Polish), Zagrep (Turkish), Zahreb (Ukrainian)
Zürich Zūrīk (Arabic), Cirih (Serbian), Curych (Czech), Zürich (German, Finnish), Zyríkhē (Greek), Zurigo (Italian), Ciurichas (Lithuanian), Zurych (Polish), Zurique (Portuguese), Cjurikh (Russian, Ukrainian), Zürih (Turkish), Zurich (alternative English spelling)

See also: Latin names of European cities, List of cities in Finland