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Apocrita

Apocrita is a group of insects, a taxonomic sub-order of the order Hymenoptera.

The Apocrita include wasps, bees and ants, and are comprised of many families. They include the most advanced Hymenoptera and are distinguished from the Symphyta by the narrow waist joining two segments of the abdomen. The ovipositor of the female either extends freely or is retracted, and is converted into a sting for both defence and paralyzing prey. Larvae are legless, and either feed inside a host or in a nest.

The Apocrita consist of two groups, the parasitica and the aculeata. The parasitica comprise the largest group of Hymenoptera insects, with respective members parasitizing every other species of insect. Most are small, with the ovipositor adapted for piercing. In some hosts the parasites induce metamorphosis prematurely, and in others it is prolonged. There are even species that are parasitic on the parasites. The parasitica lay their eggs inside another insect (egg, larva or pupa) and the parasitic larvae grow and develop within that host. The host is killed only after the parasites near maturity. Many parasitic Hymenoptera are used as biological control control agents to control pests, such as flies and weevils.

The term parasitoid was coined in 1961 by R R Askew to describe the strategy in which during its development, the parasite lives in or on the body of a single host individual, eventually killing that host. The adult parasitoid is free-living.

The aculeata includes those species in which the female's ovipositor is modified into a stinger, these include the familiar ants, bees and wasps. Among the non-social Apocrita, larvae are fed with captured (parasitized) prey or may be fed pollen and nectar. The social Apocrita feed their young pollen, nectar, and as they mature perhaps seeds, fungi, or even non-viable eggs (ants).

SUPERFAMILIES/Families of the Suborder Apocrita:

ParasiticaAculeata
STEPHANOIDEA
Stephanidae
TRIGONALYOIDEA
Trigonalyidae
MEGALYROIDEA
Megalyridae
EVANOIDEA
Aulacidae
Evaniidae - ensign wasps
Gasteruptiidae
CERAPHRONOIDEA
Ceraphronidae
Megaspilidae
PROCOTRUPOIDEA
Austroniidae
Diapriidae
Heloridae
Monomachidae
Pelecinidae
Peradeniidae
Platygastridae
Proctotrupidae
Renyxidae
Roproniidae
Scelionidae
Vanhorniidae
CYNIPOIDEA
Cynipidae - gall wasps
Figitidae
Ibaliidae
CHALCIDOIDEA
Agaonidae - fig wasps
Aphelinidae
Chalcididae
Elasmidae
Eucharitidae
Eulophidae
Eupelmidae
Eurytomidae - seed chalcids
Leucospidae
Mymaridae - fairyflies, the
  smallest of all insects
Mymarommatidae
Omyridae
Perilampidae
Pteromalidae
Rotoitidae
Signiphoridae
Tanaostigmatidae
Tetracampidae
Torymidae
Trichogrammatidae
ICHNEUMONOIDEA
Braconidae
Ichneumonidae
CHRYSIDOIDEA
Bethylidae
Chrysididae - cuckoo wasps
Dryinidae
Embolemidae
Plumariidae
Sclerogibbidae
Scolebythidae
APOIDEA - bees
Apidae - bumble bees, orchid bees,
  and honey bees (subfamilies)
(Colletidae - yellow-faced bees
  and plasterer bees)
(Andrenidae - andrenid bees)
(Halictidae - halictid bees
  and sweat bees)
(Anthophoridae - cuckoo bees,
  digger bees, and carpenter bees)
(Megachilidae - leafcutting bees)
Sphecidae - digger wasps
VESPOIDEA
Bradynobaenidae
Formicidae - ants
Mutillidae - velvet ants
Pompilidae - spider wasps
Rhopalosomatidae
Sapygidae
Scoliidae
Sierolomorphidae
Tiphiidae
Vespidae - paper wasps, potter wasps,
  hornets, mason wasps, yellowjackets