Texas hold 'em

Texas hold 'em (or simply hold 'em or holdem) is the most popular of the community card poker games. It is the most popular poker variant played in casinos in the western United States, and its no-limit form is used in the final event of the World Series of Poker, widely recognized as the world championship of the game. It is commonly played in the rest of the world as well, but Seven-card stud and other local games may be more popular in some places. Although it can theoretically be played by up to 23 players, it is generally played by between 2 and 10 players. It is one of the most positional of all poker variants, since the order of betting remains fixed throughout all betting rounds.

Table of contents

1 Rules
2 Examples
3 Strategy

3.1 Starting cards
3.2 After the flop

4 Bibliography

Rules

The descriptions below assume that you are familiar with the general game play of poker, and with poker hands. They also make no assumptions about what Betting structure is used. In casino play, it is common to use a Fixed limit and two Blindss, one for half of the first-round betting limit and one for a full bet. The limit for the third and fourth betting rounds is generally double that of the first two rounds. It is also not uncommon for the fourth bet to be larger still, and for the big blind to be less than the normal first-round bet, in which case it is treated the same way a sub-minimum Bring-in is treated in stud poker. Antes may be used instead of or in addition to blinds. The game also plays very well at No limit, and many Tournamentss (including the above mentioned World Series championship event) are played that way.

Play begins with each player being dealt two cards face down. These are the only cards each player will receive individually, and they will not be revealed until showdown, making Texas hold'em a Closed poker game. A first "pre-flop" betting round now happens, beginning with the player to the left of the big blind (or the dealer, if no blinds are used). Now the dealer deals a burn card, followed by three face-up Community cardss called the Flop, followed by a second betting round. This and all subsequent betting rounds begin with the player to the dealer's left. After this round, a burn card and single community card called the Turn are dealt, followed by a third betting round. Finally, a burn and a single community card called the River are dealt, followed by a fourth betting round and Showdown if necessary.

On showdown, each player plays the best five-card hand he can make from the seven cards comprising his two and the Board (the five community cards). A player may use both of his own two downcards, only one, or none at all to form his final five-card hand. If the best five-card hand he can make is to play the five community cards, then he is said to be playing the board, and is entitled to split the pot with others playing the board if no one can play a better hand. It is common for players to have closely-valued hands. In particular, Kickerss often are needed to break ties (but one must be careful not to break the only-five-cards rule from Poker hand), straights often split the pot, and multiple flushes may occur (where the ranks of the cards in each flush must be counted carefully to determine a winner).

Examples

Here's a sample final showdown:

Board
4♣ K♠ 4♥ 8♠ 7♠
Alice
5♦ 6♦ Bob
A♣ 4♦ Carol
A♠ 9♠ David
K♥ K♦

Alice's best five-card hand is 8♠ 7♠ 6♦ 5♦ 4♥, making an 8-high straight. The best hand Bob can play is 4♣ 4♥ 4♦ A♣ K♠, for three 4s with A and K kickers. Carol can play A♠ K♠ 9♠ 8♠ 7♠ for an A-high flush. Finally, David can play K♠ K♥ K♦ 4♣ 4♥, for a full house, which wins.

Here's a sample deal. The players' individual hands will not be revealed until showdown, to give a better sense of what happens during play. Bob, to the dealer's left, posts a blind of $1, and Carol blinds $2. Alice deals two cards face down to each player, beginning with Bob and ending with herself. David must act first because he is the first player after the big blind. He cannot check, since the $2 blinds plays as a bet, so he folds. Alice calls the $2. Bob puts an additional $1 with his $1 small blind to call the $2 total. Carol's blind is "live" (see Blind (poker)), so she has the right to raise here, but she checks her option instead, ending the first betting round.

Alice now burns a card and deals the "flop" of three face-up community cards, 9♣ K♣ 3♥. On this round as on all subsequent, Bob begins the betting. He checks, Carol opens for $2, and Alice raises another $2, making the total bet now facing Bob $4. He calls. Carol calls, putting in an additional $2. Alice now burns and deals the "turn" card face up. It is the 5♠. Bob checks, Carol checks, and Alice checks, ending the round. After burning, Alice deals the final "river" card of the 9♦, making the final board 9♣ K♣ 3♥ 5♠ 9♦. Bob bets $4, Carol calls, and Alice folds (Alice's holding was A♣ 7♣; she was hoping the river card would be a club to make her a flush). Bob shows his hand of Q♠ 9♥, so the best five-card hand he can make is 9♣ 9♦ 9♥ K♣ Q♠, for three 9s, K and Q kickers. Carol shows her cards of K♠ J♥, making her final hand K♣ K♠ 9♣ 9♦ J♥ for two pair, Ks and 9s, with a J kicker. Bob wins the pot.

Here's another situation that illustrates the importance of breaking ties with kickers and card ranks, and use of the five-card rule. After the first three rounds, the board and players' hands look like this (though the players don't actually know the other players' cards):

Board (after three rounds)
8♠ Q♣ 8♥ 4♣
Alice
10♣ 9♣ Bob
K♥ Q♠ Carol
Q♥ 10♦ David
J♣ 2♣

At the moment, Bob is in the lead with a hand of Q♠ Q♣ 8♠ 8♥ K♥, making two pair, Qs and 8s, with a K kicker. This just beats Carol's hand of Q♥ Q♣ 8♠ 8♥ 10♦ by virtue of his kicker. Both Alice and David are hoping the final card is a club, which will make them both a flush, but David would have the higher flush and win if that happens. For example, if the final card was the 7♣, David's flush would be Q-J-7-4-2, while Alice's would be Q-10-9-7-4. Alice could still win, though, if the final card were the J♦, as that would give her a Q-high straight. On this deal, however, the final card was the A♠, which didn't help either of them. Bob and Carol still each have two pair, but notice what happened: both of them are now entitled to play the final A as their fifth card, making their hands both two pair, Qs and 8s, with an A kicker. Bob's K no longer plays, because the A on the board plays as the fifth card in both hands, and they can't play six cards. They therefore split the pot.

Strategy

One of the most important aspects of Texas hold 'em strategy is the selection of which starting hands to play, and which to fold immediately. The following is a table of the probability of a given starting hand to win or tie, win, and tie, given a 10-player game, which is the most popular number of players at most online casino sites.

Hand Win or Tie % Win % Tie %

AA 31.93480% 31.46286% 0.47194%

KK 26.83660% 26.23474% 0.60190%

QQ 23.01090% 22.24473% 0.76616%

AKs 22.13730% 20.23529% 1.90197%

AQs 20.81820% 18.65228% 2.16591%

JJ 20.15480% 19.23018% 0.92457%

KQs 19.90920% 17.79640% 2.11280%

AJs 19.86350% 17.42540% 2.43813%

ATs 19.19360% 16.47304% 2.72055%

KJs 19.04990% 16.68498% 2.36493%

AK 18.70360% 16.74212% 1.96145%

QJs 18.65880% 16.26659% 2.39226%

KTs 18.45430% 15.83178% 2.62251%

JTs 18.13730% 15.41006% 2.72720%

QTs 18.10910% 15.46437% 2.64476%

TT 18.02890% 16.93106% 1.09785%

AQ 17.17460% 14.91723% 2.25737%

A9s 17.17010% 14.49430% 2.67578%

A8s 16.64060% 13.79076% 2.84980%

KQ 16.42760% 14.24008% 2.18753%

T9s 16.37900% 13.72587% 2.65313%

K9s 16.31920% 13.84134% 2.47789%

99 16.30630% 15.45238% 0.85390%

A7s 16.21830% 13.22384% 2.99444%

AJ 16.08400% 13.53708% 2.54691%

J9s 16.03980% 13.51426% 2.52549%

Q9s 15.96340% 13.52106% 2.44237%

A6s 15.86780% 12.75819% 3.10963%

A5s 15.68950% 12.65281% 3.03671%

KJ 15.41940% 12.95078% 2.46859%

A4s 15.33520% 12.46856% 2.86662%

AT 15.29240% 12.45305% 2.83931%

88 15.17130% 14.32132% 0.85002%

QJ 15.16960% 12.67192% 2.49766%

T8s 15.13030% 12.45303% 2.67732%

K8s 15.11150% 12.49239% 2.61908%

A3s 15.03090% 12.37481% 2.65608%

A2s 14.76110% 12.26935% 2.49176%

98s 14.75050% 12.40754% 2.34294%

J8s 14.74350% 12.18468% 2.55879%

JT 14.73080% 11.88102% 2.84980%

K7s 14.72100% 11.98725% 2.73376%

KT 14.70620% 11.96359% 2.74260%

Q8s 14.66350% 12.15778% 2.50573%

QT 14.52880% 11.77576% 2.75308%

K6s 14.37830% 11.55882% 2.81943%

77 14.31580% 13.47228% 0.84349%

87s 14.08920% 11.77052% 2.31872%

K5s 13.98720% 11.30092% 2.68628%

T7s 13.89890% 11.20491% 2.69401%

97s 13.84020% 11.47851% 2.36170%

K4s 13.65930% 11.14843% 2.51083%

Q7s 13.61730% 10.97920% 2.63807%

66 13.57590% 12.72120% 0.85469%

J7s 13.53900% 10.93570% 2.60331%

76s 13.52580% 11.22984% 2.29598%

K3s 13.34220% 11.04167% 2.30056%

55 13.33220% 12.59915% 0.73303%

Q6s 13.29840% 10.58214% 2.71624%

86s 13.20640% 10.87079% 2.33556%

65s 13.16460% 10.90764% 2.25696%

K2s 13.12950% 10.99240% 2.13707%

A9 13.08470% 10.28156% 2.80313%

44 13.01550% 12.46479% 0.55072%

T9 12.94860% 10.17029% 2.77834%

Q5s 12.93890% 10.35467% 2.58418%

T6s 12.76570% 10.01862% 2.74708%

33 12.76400% 12.39059% 0.37343%

96s 12.75880% 10.38632% 2.37247%

22 12.61960% 12.39753% 0.22209%

Q4s 12.61940% 10.23550% 2.38391%

75s 12.56900% 10.45531% 2.11370%

J6s 12.56180% 9.83763% 2.72417%

A8 12.48820% 9.49892% 2.98929%

J9 12.44020% 9.79630% 2.64391%

K9 12.37420% 9.78946% 2.58473%

Q3s 12.32070% 10.15321% 2.16746%

64s 12.21580% 10.18209% 2.03374%

J5s 12.20100% 9.60550% 2.59546%

Q9 12.18950% 9.63359% 2.55587%

54s 12.16440% 10.23005% 1.93439%

Q2s 12.08480% 10.08101% 2.00375%

85s 11.99770% 9.84414% 2.15352%

A7 11.99010% 8.84943% 3.14066%

J4s 11.89190% 9.50786% 2.38399%

T5s 11.75370% 9.08887% 2.66481%

J3s 11.61290% 9.43700% 2.17588%

A6 11.59240% 8.33405% 3.25832%

95s 11.55410% 9.32730% 2.22676%

T8 11.53570% 8.72841% 2.80734%

74s 11.45170% 9.54399% 1.90772%

A5 11.40240% 8.22238% 3.18004%

T4s 11.39980% 8.92939% 2.47044%

J2s 11.36300% 9.35882% 2.00421%

98 11.25480% 8.81045% 2.44431%

53s 11.22720% 9.49811% 1.72908%

T3s 11.12720% 8.87717% 2.25000%

63s 11.08480% 9.25127% 1.83354%

K8 11.04890% 8.30006% 2.74881%

A4 11.02470% 8.03713% 2.98757%

J8 10.99890% 8.31616% 2.68269%

T2s 10.89210% 8.80689% 2.08522%

84s 10.87920% 8.90157% 1.97763%

Q8 10.77110% 8.13968% 2.63146%

A3 10.69440% 7.93229% 2.76211%

43s 10.62540% 9.12949% 1.49595%

87 10.60540% 8.18428% 2.42112%

K7 10.60180% 7.72674% 2.87506%

94s 10.58740% 8.47645% 2.11099%

A2 10.41740% 7.82941% 2.58802%

73s 10.31080% 8.59235% 1.71849%

93s 10.28610% 8.36582% 1.92032%

97 10.27340% 7.79742% 2.47593%

K6 10.22730% 7.26327% 2.96407%

T7 10.20640% 7.36952% 2.83684%

52s 10.15150% 8.60822% 1.54332%

76 10.09660% 7.70510% 2.39149%

92s 10.05860% 8.31394% 1.74462%

62s 9.98810% 8.33115% 1.65697%

83s 9.93210% 8.07653% 1.85554%

K5 9.79600% 6.96855% 2.82746%

42s 9.78250% 8.46598% 1.31647%

65 9.73340% 7.38419% 2.34922%

J7 9.72810% 6.97490% 2.75319%

82s 9.69380% 7.98873% 1.70505%

86 9.68630% 7.24179% 2.44451%

Q7 9.63080% 6.84476% 2.78603%

K4 9.43920% 6.81414% 2.62511%

72s 9.40840% 7.76485% 1.64356%

32s 9.28800% 8.19816% 1.08984%

Q6 9.27820% 6.40618% 2.87199%

K3 9.12540% 6.72024% 2.40520%

96 9.10590% 6.61017% 2.49573%

75 9.07670% 6.86374% 2.21300%

T6 9.00160% 6.11299% 2.88864%

K2 8.86450% 6.64537% 2.21917%

Q5 8.85860% 6.14148% 2.71708%

64 8.75160% 6.61104% 2.14055%

J6 8.67600% 5.79279% 2.88325%

54 8.67360% 6.64616% 2.02740%

Q4 8.50760% 6.00276% 2.50486%

85 8.42560% 6.16158% 2.26402%

J5 8.25770% 5.52029% 2.73737%

Q3 8.21040% 5.92786% 2.28253%

Q2 7.96550% 5.86544% 2.10007%

J4 7.91740% 5.40057% 2.51682%

T5 7.91100% 5.09783% 2.81312%

74 7.86100% 5.85928% 2.00170%

95 7.83550% 5.48685% 2.34862%

53 7.71440% 5.89729% 1.81711%

J3 7.61250% 5.31675% 2.29571%

63 7.55360% 5.63540% 1.91816%

T4 7.54190% 4.92940% 2.61255%

J2 7.37860% 5.26787% 2.11070%

T3 7.24540% 4.85753% 2.38790%

84 7.20810% 5.13345% 2.07469%

43 7.10770% 5.54932% 1.55833%

T2 7.01190% 4.80990% 2.20196%

94 6.80420% 4.56831% 2.23589%

73 6.67290% 4.85805% 1.81488%

52 6.55670% 4.93851% 1.61821%

93 6.47410% 4.45015% 2.02393%

62 6.36790% 4.63616% 1.73172%

92 6.23610% 4.40297% 1.83317%

83 6.20760% 4.24403% 1.96354%

42 6.19720% 4.81994% 1.37721%

82 5.94890% 4.15664% 1.79227%

72 5.72770% 4.00128% 1.72641%

32 5.66840% 4.53011% 1.13830%

Hand	Win or Tie %	Win %	Tie %
AA	31.93480%	31.46286%	0.47194%
KK	26.83660%	26.23474%	0.60190%
QQ	23.01090%	22.24473%	0.76616%
AKs	22.13730%	20.23529%	1.90197%
AQs	20.81820%	18.65228%	2.16591%
JJ	20.15480%	19.23018%	0.92457%
KQs	19.90920%	17.79640%	2.11280%
AJs	19.86350%	17.42540%	2.43813%
ATs	19.19360%	16.47304%	2.72055%
KJs	19.04990%	16.68498%	2.36493%
AK	18.70360%	16.74212%	1.96145%
QJs	18.65880%	16.26659%	2.39226%
KTs	18.45430%	15.83178%	2.62251%
JTs	18.13730%	15.41006%	2.72720%
QTs	18.10910%	15.46437%	2.64476%
TT	18.02890%	16.93106%	1.09785%
AQ	17.17460%	14.91723%	2.25737%
A9s	17.17010%	14.49430%	2.67578%
A8s	16.64060%	13.79076%	2.84980%
KQ	16.42760%	14.24008%	2.18753%
T9s	16.37900%	13.72587%	2.65313%
K9s	16.31920%	13.84134%	2.47789%
99	16.30630%	15.45238%	0.85390%
A7s	16.21830%	13.22384%	2.99444%
AJ	16.08400%	13.53708%	2.54691%
J9s	16.03980%	13.51426%	2.52549%
Q9s	15.96340%	13.52106%	2.44237%
A6s	15.86780%	12.75819%	3.10963%
A5s	15.68950%	12.65281%	3.03671%
KJ	15.41940%	12.95078%	2.46859%
A4s	15.33520%	12.46856%	2.86662%
AT	15.29240%	12.45305%	2.83931%
88	15.17130%	14.32132%	0.85002%
QJ	15.16960%	12.67192%	2.49766%
T8s	15.13030%	12.45303%	2.67732%
K8s	15.11150%	12.49239%	2.61908%
A3s	15.03090%	12.37481%	2.65608%
A2s	14.76110%	12.26935%	2.49176%
98s	14.75050%	12.40754%	2.34294%
J8s	14.74350%	12.18468%	2.55879%
JT	14.73080%	11.88102%	2.84980%
K7s	14.72100%	11.98725%	2.73376%
KT	14.70620%	11.96359%	2.74260%
Q8s	14.66350%	12.15778%	2.50573%
QT	14.52880%	11.77576%	2.75308%
K6s	14.37830%	11.55882%	2.81943%
77	14.31580%	13.47228%	0.84349%
87s	14.08920%	11.77052%	2.31872%
K5s	13.98720%	11.30092%	2.68628%
T7s	13.89890%	11.20491%	2.69401%
97s	13.84020%	11.47851%	2.36170%
K4s	13.65930%	11.14843%	2.51083%
Q7s	13.61730%	10.97920%	2.63807%
66	13.57590%	12.72120%	0.85469%
J7s	13.53900%	10.93570%	2.60331%
76s	13.52580%	11.22984%	2.29598%
K3s	13.34220%	11.04167%	2.30056%
55	13.33220%	12.59915%	0.73303%
Q6s	13.29840%	10.58214%	2.71624%
86s	13.20640%	10.87079%	2.33556%
65s	13.16460%	10.90764%	2.25696%
K2s	13.12950%	10.99240%	2.13707%
A9	13.08470%	10.28156%	2.80313%
44	13.01550%	12.46479%	0.55072%
T9	12.94860%	10.17029%	2.77834%
Q5s	12.93890%	10.35467%	2.58418%
T6s	12.76570%	10.01862%	2.74708%
33	12.76400%	12.39059%	0.37343%
96s	12.75880%	10.38632%	2.37247%
22	12.61960%	12.39753%	0.22209%
Q4s	12.61940%	10.23550%	2.38391%
75s	12.56900%	10.45531%	2.11370%
J6s	12.56180%	9.83763%	2.72417%
A8	12.48820%	9.49892%	2.98929%
J9	12.44020%	9.79630%	2.64391%
K9	12.37420%	9.78946%	2.58473%
Q3s	12.32070%	10.15321%	2.16746%
64s	12.21580%	10.18209%	2.03374%
J5s	12.20100%	9.60550%	2.59546%
Q9	12.18950%	9.63359%	2.55587%
54s	12.16440%	10.23005%	1.93439%
Q2s	12.08480%	10.08101%	2.00375%
85s	11.99770%	9.84414%	2.15352%
A7	11.99010%	8.84943%	3.14066%
J4s	11.89190%	9.50786%	2.38399%
T5s	11.75370%	9.08887%	2.66481%
J3s	11.61290%	9.43700%	2.17588%
A6	11.59240%	8.33405%	3.25832%
95s	11.55410%	9.32730%	2.22676%
T8	11.53570%	8.72841%	2.80734%
74s	11.45170%	9.54399%	1.90772%
A5	11.40240%	8.22238%	3.18004%
T4s	11.39980%	8.92939%	2.47044%
J2s	11.36300%	9.35882%	2.00421%
98	11.25480%	8.81045%	2.44431%
53s	11.22720%	9.49811%	1.72908%
T3s	11.12720%	8.87717%	2.25000%
63s	11.08480%	9.25127%	1.83354%
K8	11.04890%	8.30006%	2.74881%
A4	11.02470%	8.03713%	2.98757%
J8	10.99890%	8.31616%	2.68269%
T2s	10.89210%	8.80689%	2.08522%
84s	10.87920%	8.90157%	1.97763%
Q8	10.77110%	8.13968%	2.63146%
A3	10.69440%	7.93229%	2.76211%
43s	10.62540%	9.12949%	1.49595%
87	10.60540%	8.18428%	2.42112%
K7	10.60180%	7.72674%	2.87506%
94s	10.58740%	8.47645%	2.11099%
A2	10.41740%	7.82941%	2.58802%
73s	10.31080%	8.59235%	1.71849%
93s	10.28610%	8.36582%	1.92032%
97	10.27340%	7.79742%	2.47593%
K6	10.22730%	7.26327%	2.96407%
T7	10.20640%	7.36952%	2.83684%
52s	10.15150%	8.60822%	1.54332%
76	10.09660%	7.70510%	2.39149%
92s	10.05860%	8.31394%	1.74462%
62s	9.98810%	8.33115%	1.65697%
83s	9.93210%	8.07653%	1.85554%
K5	9.79600%	6.96855%	2.82746%
42s	9.78250%	8.46598%	1.31647%
65	9.73340%	7.38419%	2.34922%
J7	9.72810%	6.97490%	2.75319%
82s	9.69380%	7.98873%	1.70505%
86	9.68630%	7.24179%	2.44451%
Q7	9.63080%	6.84476%	2.78603%
K4	9.43920%	6.81414%	2.62511%
72s	9.40840%	7.76485%	1.64356%
32s	9.28800%	8.19816%	1.08984%
Q6	9.27820%	6.40618%	2.87199%
K3	9.12540%	6.72024%	2.40520%
96	9.10590%	6.61017%	2.49573%
75	9.07670%	6.86374%	2.21300%
T6	9.00160%	6.11299%	2.88864%
K2	8.86450%	6.64537%	2.21917%
Q5	8.85860%	6.14148%	2.71708%
64	8.75160%	6.61104%	2.14055%
J6	8.67600%	5.79279%	2.88325%
54	8.67360%	6.64616%	2.02740%
Q4	8.50760%	6.00276%	2.50486%
85	8.42560%	6.16158%	2.26402%
J5	8.25770%	5.52029%	2.73737%
Q3	8.21040%	5.92786%	2.28253%
Q2	7.96550%	5.86544%	2.10007%
J4	7.91740%	5.40057%	2.51682%
T5	7.91100%	5.09783%	2.81312%
74	7.86100%	5.85928%	2.00170%
95	7.83550%	5.48685%	2.34862%
53	7.71440%	5.89729%	1.81711%
J3	7.61250%	5.31675%	2.29571%
63	7.55360%	5.63540%	1.91816%
T4	7.54190%	4.92940%	2.61255%
J2	7.37860%	5.26787%	2.11070%
T3	7.24540%	4.85753%	2.38790%
84	7.20810%	5.13345%	2.07469%
43	7.10770%	5.54932%	1.55833%
T2	7.01190%	4.80990%	2.20196%
94	6.80420%	4.56831%	2.23589%
73	6.67290%	4.85805%	1.81488%
52	6.55670%	4.93851%	1.61821%
93	6.47410%	4.45015%	2.02393%
62	6.36790%	4.63616%	1.73172%
92	6.23610%	4.40297%	1.83317%
83	6.20760%	4.24403%	1.96354%
42	6.19720%	4.81994%	1.37721%
82	5.94890%	4.15664%	1.79227%
72	5.72770%	4.00128%	1.72641%
32	5.66840%	4.53011%	1.13830%

Starting cards

High Pairs: Pairs from Aces to Tens are always a good starting hand, you have the chance to improve on them, and even if the board doesn't help, you can still win with the highest pair.
Middle pairs: They have very little strength, and cannot usually win without improvement. If it is not expensive, wait to see the flop and what possible drawing possibilities are there. If opponents are betting aggressively then fold. Possibilities are straight and flush draws.
High Cards: Two unsuited high cards should usually be played at least to the flop. The chances are that if you flop a pair you will have the best pair on the table. Suited high cards should be played more often, as a high card flush is now possible.
Suited: If your two cards are suited, don't overrate them. A Nine hearts, with a Eight hearts, is open ended and slightly better than Ten hearts with Seven hearts, as the gap reduces your chances of hitting the straight. In a strong pot fold. Ace or King suited with a small card, should be treated cautiously in the same way as gap straights. Ace with 2, 3, 4,or 5 is better as the possible low straight still exists.

After the flop

Bet or call most of your drawing hands, if you have a four card flush or four card straight. Everyone may fold, or you may hit it.
If you don't have a drawing hand after the flop fold.
If the flop goes against your high pairs, and shows possible flush or straight, fold, especially if there is heavy betting.
When you hit a flush or straight, be aware of the possibilities of other players having the same hand but higher. If there is heavy betting, it is probable that someone else has hit it as well.

Bibliography

Hold 'em Poker for Advanced Players, David Sklansky and Mason Malmuth, ISBN 1880685221

Board 4♣ K♠ 4♥ 8♠ 7♠
Alice 5♦ 6♦	Bob A♣ 4♦	Carol A♠ 9♠	David K♥ K♦

Board (after three rounds) 8♠ Q♣ 8♥ 4♣
Alice 10♣ 9♣	Bob K♥ Q♠	Carol Q♥ 10♦	David J♣ 2♣