Tree decomposition
In 
graph theory a 
tree decomposition D of a 
graph G = (V, E) is a pair (
X = {
Xi : 
i in 
I}, 
T = (
I, 
F)) such that {
Xi : 
i in 
I} if a family of subsets of 
V, one for every node of 
T, and 
T is a tree such that the following properties hold:
P1: the union of all {Xi, i in I, equals to V;
P2: for every edge (v, w) in E, the is an i in I such that v and w are in Xi;
P3: for every i, j and k in I, if j is in a path between i and k in T, then the intersection of Xi and Xk is contained in Xj.